How AI tools may be rewiring our brains

Millions now use AI tools like ChatGPT for their studies, work, and even bedtime stories. Scientists are racing to understand how this growing reliance may shape the human brain.

A recent MIT study tracked brain activity as students wrote essays with and without AI. The group using ChatGPT showed the lowest brain engagement and produced essays described as “soulless.”

Another UK study found a strong negative link between frequent AI use and critical thinking, especially among younger users.

At the same time, research from the Wharton School showed that students using AI tutors with built-in guidance performed better—until the tools were removed, at which point they struggled more than non-AI users.

Experts caution that it is too soon to worry, noting the MIT study is small and hasn’t been peer-reviewed. Some say AI could free mental energy for higher-level thinking.

However, others warn of “cognitive debt,” in which people offload critical thinking entirely.