Dogs are similar to toddlers when learning words, study says

A new study shows that some dogs, including Border collies, can learn words the way toddlers do, by overhearing conversations.

Researchers tested dogs already known for their advanced word-learning abilities. Owners introduced two new toys to another family member while the dogs watched, without speaking to them directly.

Days later, the dogs retrieved the correct toys about 80% of the time, matching the success of direct training. This ability puts dogs at a cognitive level similar to that of 18-month-old children, who can also learn words by observing others.

While most dogs follow simple commands like sit or stay, learning specific object names—known as label learning—is rare. Herding breeds, particularly Border collies, excel, likely because breeders favored dogs attentive to human cues.

Scientists suggest that curiosity, focus on novel objects, and self-control may help some dogs succeed.

The findings reveal dogs’ advanced social and cognitive abilities, showing they can understand human communication and pick up subtle cues with surprising skill.